Publication Ethics

Authors Must:

• Submit original and unpublished work that is not under consideration elsewhere.
• Ensure that all sources, quotations, data, and references are accurately cited.
• Avoid plagiarism, duplicate publication, data fabrication, and data falsification.
• Disclose any actual or potential conflicts of interest.
• Obtain appropriate ethical approvals and informed consent where applicable.
• Ensure that all listed authors have made meaningful contributions to the manuscript.

Reviewers Must:

• Evaluate manuscripts fairly, objectively, and confidentially.
• Provide constructive and evidence-based feedback.
• Report suspected plagiarism, ethical concerns, or other research-integrity issues to the editors.
• Avoid personal, professional, or institutional bias.
• Maintain confidentiality and not use unpublished manuscript information for personal or professional benefit.
• Declare any potential conflict of interest before accepting a review assignment.

Editors Must:

• Maintain fairness, confidentiality, transparency, and academic integrity throughout the editorial process.
• Make publication decisions based on academic quality, originality, relevance, and scholarly merit.
• Avoid conflicts of interest and manage them appropriately when they arise.
• Ensure that all eligible manuscripts are handled through an appropriate double-blind peer-review process.
• Investigate ethical concerns and suspected violations of publication ethics appropriately.
• Protect the integrity and credibility of the journal's publication process.